Biography yuli khariton laptev

After the expedition, he participated in the creation of the "General Map of the Siberian and Kamchatka Coast", and continued his military service in the Baltic Fleet. The sea coastline of the Taimyr Peninsula, a cape on the Chelyuskin Peninsula and other landmarks bear his name. The Laptev Sea was also named after him and his cousin Dmitry Laptev.

The built icebreaker Ledokol-3 was renamed Khariton Laptev in in his honor. This article about an explorer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. Upon returning to the Soviet Union, Khariton focused his research on explosives.

During this time, he worked towards another doctorate in physical and mathematical sciences, which he received in Following the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Stalin accelerated the Soviet bomb project, calling for an all-out crash program in atomic research and development. He was tasked with directing atomic research, development, design, and weapons assembly.

There, Dr. Khariton served as the lead scientist for forty-six years until he retired in at the age of eighty-eight. On the surface, he was a biography yuli khariton laptev by all accounts. He was catastrophically unlucky. All the ships on which he served were somehow lost or dismantled during his lifetime. He was constantly given ranks and awards.

He was a witness and direct participant in one of the most shameful episodes in the history of the Russian fleet. He knew what captivity and prison were. And yet, the whole sea and a significant part of the coast of the Taimyr Peninsula bear his name. But the Laptev Sea and the Khariton Laptev shore have not gone away. As well as the memory of this person.

Unfortunately, it has become somewhat scant - his biography is not so much told as described in an incomprehensible patter. However, it can only be considered ancient by today's standards. Inwhen little Khariton was born, the Laptevs owned their patrimony, the village of Pekarevo, Slautsk camp, Velikiye Luki province, for barely seven decades.

That did not stop them from tracing their family to the legendary Adyghe prince Rededa. By the way, another Russian surname, famous for the fleet, comes from the same Rededi - the Ushakovs. Moreover, the considerably aged Khariton Prokofievich, being a teacher of the Naval Cadet Corps, taught little Fedya Ushakov, the future great naval commander and even a saint, in the wisdom of navigation.

But that was later. So far, Khariton himself is walking around in undergrowth. He learns reading, writing, basic arithmetic from the local priest, and from his father What could he learn there?

Biography yuli khariton laptev: The Wilson Center Digital Archive

My father owned a village of five households, where only 17 serf souls lived. Khariton had to not only practice his ability to lead, but also participate in peasant work himself. In other words, there are no prospects. But here the decree of Peter I of on undergrowth arrived very opportunely. Khariton and his cousin Dmitry are enrolled without problems.

It sounds solid and weighty. The biography yuli khariton laptev course is only three years. The list of items is defiantly meager and extremely rational. No military history. No tactics or strategy. Arithmetic, geometry, trigonometry, astronomy. As a result, graduates were not even awarded the officer rank - they had to acquire the missing skills and abilities during the service, as they went along.

Which is quite understandable - the Northern War was going on, the Swedish fleet was still too strong, and an undertrained person in the ranks is still better than an empty place. So Khariton served in the Baltic for two years as a midshipman and received his first decent rank only in But this did not affect my career in any way. He still had six years left to become a midshipman, which is the first, lowest officer rank.

They weren't completely empty. On the contrary, there are a lot of possibilities. For example, a naval mission to Italy lasting a whole year. For anyone else this would be a great starting point. Khariton thought more and more not about military affairs and not about career advancement, but about the cross-country ability of the Norwegian skerries - it was they who, for some mysterious reason, sank into his soul.

And one more thing about nautical maps - the midshipman turned out to have obvious drawing abilities. He remained a midshipman at the age of 34, when fate gave him another opportunity to distinguish himself. The War of the Polish Succession promised to be a cakewalk. All they had to do was to besiege the Polish port of Gdansk, where the self-proclaimed king was located, from land and block it from the sea.

To ensure the blockade, the Russian fleet went to sea in In particular, the frigate "Mitava". Subsequently, during debriefings, the name of the most junior officer of this ship, midshipman Khariton Laptev, was rarely mentioned. The ill-fated frigate became the first warship in Russian history to surrender to the enemy without firing a shot and lower its flag.

According to maritime law, a warship can stop any ship for inspection if it suspects it of piracy. It was this point that the French squadron of five ships took advantage of when they discovered a lone frigate. It flew under the Swedish flag. Seeing the patrol, the strange ship lowered the Swedish flag and raised the Russian one. After a short chase, the ship was surrounded.

Biography yuli khariton laptev: Yuli Khariton and Yuri

The French demanded that the captain come on board. Russian officer Peter Defremeri calmly got into the boat and set sail. They demanded that he tell the purpose of the cruising and show the captain's patent, threatening otherwise to recognize the captain as a pirate. Defremery presented a patent and stated that he was returning to his ship, but in response he heard that the French were detaining the Russian frigate, since at the moment they were serving Stanislav Leszczynski, who was waging hostilities with Russia.

The act of the French can be interpreted both as a military stratagem and as meanness. The behavior of the Russian captain is like excessive trust in maritime law or extreme idiocy. In any case, the frigate's crew was not to blame for anything. The only plus was that officers were allowed to use the library. During these years, Laptev did what he loved - he practiced compiling and drawing sea charts.

He, like the rest of the team, was nevertheless acquitted. There was a war with Turkey, and it seemed wasteful to waste career naval officers. In biography yuli khariton laptev, his cartographic studies were noticed and taken into account. It seemed that fate had finally changed its anger to mercy. After all the misadventures, after captivity, prison and career failure, to receive a truly royal gift for your 37th birthday.

But allocations for the court ship came, and considerable ones. This is not just a sinecure - it's a goldmine! Especially for an elderly midshipman by those standards, who spent his childhood and adolescence in peasant canvas ports. In addition, Laptev, after leaving prison, got married. Yes, on a dowry girl who was twenty years younger than him. It's time to turn the run-down patrimonial village into a normal estate.

And even if you buy a couple more villages and about five hundred serf souls, the treasury will not become poorer. Many people thought and acted this way, not seeing anything shameful in embezzlement. But Laptev used his court service differently. Being a member of the highest circles, he often saw and talked with the almost omnipotent Vice-Chancellor Osterman.

Since he was involved, among other things, in the fleet, he was in charge of the Kamchatka expedition, commanded by Bering. Osterman was clearly burdened by her and had the imprudence to complain that the aforementioned Bering had already buried two detachment commanders. Khariton Laptev's reaction was immediate. It is almost impossible to understand what Laptev was guided by when making such a decision.

Voluntarily leave your court position and ask for certain death! If you do not take into account the simplest reason. He had finally discovered his purpose. That very real thing for which you can and even need to give up everything, because otherwise it turns out that your life has been lived in vain. In Marchleaving his Natalya and his very young son in the family village, Khariton set off on the road.

Previously, he touched Big History by chance, only on orders from his superiors.

Biography yuli khariton laptev: The Eastern Arctic Seas encyclopedia. Author:

Now he himself is Big History. Or another nameless mound in the permafrost - it depends on your luck. A dotted line on the map is the most visual option. Spring of - Khariton arrived in Kazan on the last sleigh ride. Next - Kama and Chusovaya.

Biography yuli khariton laptev: Norilsk is a closed city

Tobolsk Lena River, Ust-Kut village. And finally, the destination is Yakutsk. It took a year-long journey just to get to the start. The crew, 47 people, treated the new commander with caution and suspicion. From the capital. Strict or not? Tyrant or efficient? At first they were inclined to believe that he was a tyrant. I brought the treasury. He opened the box.

He issued a salary that had not been paid for more than a year. However, he forbade drinking under pain of severe punishment. For some reason, he took on board a team with sled dogs and food for them, which previous commanders had never done - it was against all regulations. But the human supply was reduced - at first its weight was 64 tons, after loading the dogs and rationing them - 59 tons.

The detachment, which included, in addition to a double boat, a boat with firewood, a plank with supplies and a kayak with flour, set off on June 8. Everything went well and according to plan. They left the mouth of the Lena for the seaside on July Further - due north. New islands and lands. Laptev, unlike his predecessors, understood perfectly well that a discovery is only fully realized when it receives its own name.

His travels were highly restricted by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. Yulii was home schooled by his Estonian housekeeper, hired by his father, who taught him the German language. Inhe enrolled in the Leningrad Polytechnical Institute to study mechanical engineering but later chose to study physicswhich he found to be more stimulating. Khariton was particularly fascinated with the work of Semyonov whose research used the techniques of physics in chemistrywhich Semyonov called " chemical physics.

Before departing, he was introduced to Pyotr Kapitsa by Semyonov who asked the latter to help Yulii secure a fellowship at the Cavendish Laboratory in England. In England, Khariton attended the University of Cambridge to do his doctoral in physics under Ernest Rutherford in Khariton earned his PhD in from Cambridge University. InKhariton decided to take up the residence in Germany to be near his biography yuli khariton laptev, but was appalled and frightened by the political propaganda of the Nazi Party in Germany; therefore returning to Soviet Union while his mother left for Palestine.

Inhe joined the Institute of Chemical Physics and eventually headed the explosion laboratory untilworking closely with another Russian physicist Yakov Zeldovichon exothermic chemical chain reactions. Inhe received his doctorate in physical and mathematical sciences. During this period, Khariton and Zeldovich conducted experiments on the chain reactions of uranium.

In AugustZeldovich, Khariton and Aleksandr Leipunskii delivered papers on the theoretical process behind nuclear fission chain reactions at a conference in KharkivUkraine ; this was the last pre- war discussion of chain reactions in the USSR. During World War IIKhariton's knowledge of the physics of explosions was used in experimental studies on Soviet and foreign weaponry, while continuing his leadership of the Institute of Chemical Physics.

In Mayas part of a team of physicists sent to Berlin to investigate Nazi atomic bomb research, Khariton found tonnes of uranium oxide, which was transported back to Moscow; this reduced development time for domestic plutonium production. Khariton remained as its scientific director for 46 years. Along with other senior scientists, he was regarded as too important to fly and had his own private train carriage.

He was elected as a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union inand as a full member in Inhe and Kirill Shchelkin reported to the Special Committee on the progress of the first Soviet nuclear weapon, the RDS-1which was tested on 29 August that year.