Hosni mohamed ali biography

His father was a minor official in the Ministry of Justice. After primary schooling in his village and secondary studies in the near-by provincial capital of Shibin El-Kom, Mubarak attended Egypt's Military Academy and its Air Academy, graduating from the latter in He completed the military hosni mohamed ali biography in only two years, opting to continue studying instead of taking his summer leave.

He became a pilot and spent part of his training in the then Soviet Union. Mubarak spent the next 25 years in the Air Force. He taught at the Air Academy and commanded Egypt's bomber force in the Yemen civil war in the s. He visited the Soviet Union on several occasions and spent a year at the Soviet's Frunze military academy. He spoke Russian and English in addition to Arabic.

President Gamal Abdel Nasser named Mubarak director of the Air Academy ingiving him the crucial task of rebuilding the air force, which the Israelis had destroyed on the ground in the Six Day War of June Mubarak moved up to Air Force chief-of-staff inand in he became its commander-in-chief. He helped plan the successful surprise attack on the Israeli forces occupying the east bank of the Suez Canal on October 6,launching the Yom Kippur War.

President Sadat rewarded Mubarak's patient competence in by naming him vice president. Sadat disliked routine administration and enjoyed the international limelight, so Mubarak quietly took over the day-to-day running of the government. Mubarak presided over cabinet meetings, controlled the security apparatus, and became vice president of the ruling National Democratic party.

Diplomatic assignments abroad gave him experience with foreign affairs. His expertise was integral to the negotiations for the Camp David Accords which Egypt and Israel signed, ending decades of conflict. Mubarak escaped with a minor hand wound when Islamic fundamentalists gunned down Sadat at a military review on October 6, Moving quickly to restore order and consolidate his position, Mubarak crushed an Islamic uprising in Asyut and jailed over 2, members of militant Islamic groups.

He executed a handful, had others sentenced to prison terms, and gradually released the rest. He also released the more secular political figures whom Sadat had indiscriminately jailed in the September crackdown that helped provoke his assassination. Mubarak only slightly modulated the main lines of Sadat's foreign and domestic policies. Egypt regained the Sinai peninsula when the Israelis withdrew in Egypt remained cool to Israel, however, because of a minor border dispute, the Israeli invasion of Lebanon inand Israeli policies toward the Palestinians in the West Bank.

Inhowever, he agreed to return the Egyptian ambassador to Tel Aviv. Throughout the s Mubarak combated Egypt's most pressing problems, unemployment and a struggling economy. He increased the production of affordable housing, clothing, furniture, and medicine. He also kept a tight rein on his officials, firing ministers at the first hint of scandal and fining parliamentary legislators for unnecessary absences.

Egypt's heavy dependence on U. He carefully offered the Americans only military "facilities" and not bases, however, and quietly improved relations with the Soviet Union, whose ambassador returned to Cairo in All the Arab states but three had broken relations with Egypt to protest the treaty with Israel. It was Mubarak who prodded Arafat to recognize Israel's right to exist and moderate his extremist stance.

Internally, the military, the swollen government bureaucracy, the consumer-oriented upper middle class, and the rural power structure were still the mainstays of Mubarak's regime.

Hosni mohamed ali biography: Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak

The scattered opposition included Muslim idealists who longed for a theocracy, Nasserists and leftist who looked back to the populist redistributive policies of the early s, and the New Wafd rightists who wanted further economic and political liberalization. Egypt's Christians, the Copts, remained nervous about the political resurgence of Islam.

Mubarak's National Democratic party won a comfortable majority in the May elections. He told U. News and World Report that in Egypt "no religious political parties are allowed, and I am not going to change the laws … I don't want headaches. I would like to build a country and not cause reasonable people to fight one another. Sadat's "open-door" economic policies—which encouraged foreign and local private investment—continued, although Mubarak tried to shift the emphasis from imported luxuries to productive enterprises.

Mubarak did not dare to discontinue the costly government subsidies which reduced the prices of basic foods to consumers. Mubarak dismissed several cabinet ministers from the Sadat days for corruption, prosecuted Sadat's brother who had amassed a fortune overnightand sternly warned his own relatives to avoid such temptations. He razed the luxury weekend retreats on the pyramids' plateau at Giza.

Like Nasser, but unlike Sadat, Mubarak followed local mores in separating his public from his private life. His wife Suzanne, who had a master's degree in sociology, did not try to play the highly hosni mohamed ali biography "first lady" role which had attracted Westerners to Jihan Sadat but had offended many Egyptians. In Mubarak won election to a second six-year term.

Mubarak was shocked and angered over the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. He thought the Gulf War could have been avoided, but placed that responsibility on Saddam Hussein. He felt that the Saudi Arabians were justified in inviting assistance from the West to protect their sovereignty. He sent 45, troops to the allied coalition, with the unanimous approval of the Egyptian people.

After the war Mubarak's prompt actions and support boosted Egypt to the forefront in leading the Arab world. In Mubarak was elected for a sixth term with Many felt that the vote reflected the Egyptian's approval and confidence in Mubarak's stand against Islamic fundamentalists. Plots to assassinate Mubarak had surfaced in and but had failed. In however after two policemen and assailants were killed in another attack against the president, Mubarak continued his hard-line stance against the extremists.

Not only were they plotting to overthrow the government, but their actions had damaged Egypt's already unsteady economy. His crackdown brought his government accusations of torture, summary execution intimidation of the press, and other human-rights violations. InMubarak embarked on the New Valley Canal project which many called his "great pyramid" or lasting legacy to Egypt.

In effect Mubarak planned to "make the desert bloom" by creating a new canal through one of the hottest and driest places on earth, turning arid desert into arable farm land. No book-length biography of Mubarak in either Arabic or English has yet appeared. He refused to discuss his private life, so articles on him and interviews with him necessarily concentrate on his public policies.

See, for example, J. Also, U. Hosni Mubarak became president of Egypt after the assassination political murder of Anwar Sadat — He continued his country's peace with Israel, made efforts to bring peace to the entire Middle Eastand cracked down on Islamic groups that participated in terrorist activities. Hosni Mubarak was born on May 4, in the Nile delta province of Minufiya.

He had four siblings and his father was a minor official in the Ministry of Justice. Mubarak's village of Kafr-El Meselha was known for its schools and had produced four cabinet ministers. Mubarak did well in school and completed primary schooling in his village and secondary studies in the nearby capital of Shibin El-Kom, Egypt, before going on to Egypt's Military Academy and then its Air Academy.

He graduated from the Air Academy incompleting his studies in only two years by attending year-round. He became a pilot and received part of his training in the former Soviet Union. Mubarak was an instructor at the Air Academy and commanded Egypt's bomber force in the Yemen civil war in the s. He was named director of the Air Academy in and given the important task of rebuilding the air force, which the Israelis had destroyed in the Six Day War of June Mubarak moved up to air force chief of staff in and commander in chief in He helped plan a successful surprise attack on Israeli forces occupying the east bank of the Suez Canal in Octoberlaunching the Yom Kippur War.

President Sadat named Mubarak vice president in Sadat preferred the international spotlight to administrative work, so Mubarak took over the day-to-day running of the government, leading cabinet meetings and handling security details. He gained foreign affairs experience with many trips to other countries, including SyriaIraqthe United Statesand China.

His experience was important in the talks leading to the Camp David Accords, agreements signed by Egypt and Israel that ended years of conflict.

Hosni mohamed ali biography: Access all Mohamed Ali Hosni's information,

Mubarak escaped with a minor hand wound when Islamic fundamentalists those who interpret their religious beliefs as law assassinated Sadat in October Taking over as president, he moved quickly to crush an Islamic uprising and jailed over two-thousand five-hundred members of militant engaging in violence Islamic groups. Mubarak kept most of Sadat's foreign and domestic policies, including the Camp David treaty and Sadat's close ties to the United States.

It was Mubarak who encouraged Arafat to compromise and recognize Israel's right to exist. Throughout the s Mubarak increased the production of affordable housing, clothing, furniture, and medicine.

Hosni mohamed ali biography: Mohamed Ali Hosni —

He also kept a close eye on his officials, firing ministers at the first hint of wrongdoing and fining members of parliament for unnecessary absences. He also quietly improved relations with the former Soviet Union. Mubarak was angered over the Iraqi invasion of Kuwaitand he sent forty-five thousand troops to help fight back against the Iraqis.

In he was reelected with Plots to assassinate Mubarak had surfaced in, andafter two policemen were killed in another attack against the president. But Mubarak continued his tough stance. The Guardian. Retrieved 1 July Herald Sun. Reuters Africa. Archived from the original on 27 June The New York Times. Retrieved 25 January Retrieved on BBC News.

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Retrieved 2 June Ahram online.

Hosni mohamed ali biography: Hosni Mubarak, Egyptian military

Archived from the original on 5 June Archived from the original on 20 January Retrieved 11 May The Times of Israel. Retrieved 9 January Retrieved 29 November Retrieved 13 January Retrieved 10 May National Post. Al Arabiya. Cairo Post. The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 14 February United Press International. Retrieved 5 January Daily News. New York. The Telegraph.

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