Saeed aghakhani biography of mahatma gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi Tolstoy Farm. Mahatma Gandhi Satyagraha Ashram at Kochrab. Mahatma Gandhi Day Fast. Mahatma Gandhi At the Lahore Session. Mahatma Gandhi Time Magazine. Mahatma Gandhi With Jawaharlal Nehru. Kasturba Gandhi Death. Mahatma Gandhi And Nobel Prize. The greatest omission in our year history is undoubtedly that Mahatma Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace Prize.

Geir Lundestad. Mahatma Gandhi With Rabindranath Tagore. Mahatma Gandhi Soviet Union Stamp. Mahatma Life of Gandhi, — Gandhi urged them not to accept the actions of the British government. He proposed a boycott of British goods, and stated that if the British government continued to insist on the abolition of the Caliphate, Indian Muslims should take even more drastic measures of non-cooperation, involving areas such as government employment and taxes.

During the months that followed, Gandhi continued to advocate for peace and caution, however, since Britain and the Ottomans were still negotiating their peace terms. Unlike more nationalistic politicians, he also supported the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms for India, as they laid the foundation for constitutional self-government. Eventually, other politicians who thought the reforms did not go far enough had to agree with Gandhi simply because his popularity and influence had become so great that the Congress could accomplish little without him.

While the British government remained determined to abolish the Ottoman Caliphate, they also continued to enforce the Rowlatt Act resolutely. Even Gandhi became less tolerant towards British colonial policies and in Aprilhe urged all Indians, Muslim and Hindu, to begin a "non-cooperation" protest against British policies by giving up their Western clothing and jobs in the colonial government.

As a personal example, on 1 August, he returned the kasar-i-hind medal that he had received for providing medical service to wounded British soldiers during the Second Boer War. He also became the first president of the Home Rule League, a largely symbolic position which confirmed his position as an advocate for Indian Independence. In SeptemberGandhi also passed an official constitution for the Congress, which created a system of two national committees and numerous local units, all working to mobilize a spirit of non-cooperation across India.

Gandhi and other volunteers traveled around India further establishing this new grass roots organization, which achieved great success. ByGandhi decided that the initiative of non-cooperation had to transform into open civil disobedience, but in MarchLord Reading finally ordered Gandhi's arrest after a crowd in the city of Chauri Chaura attacked and assassinated the local representatives of British colonial government.

Gandhi, who had never encouraged or sanctioned this type of conduct, condemned the actions of the violent crowds and retreated into a period of fasting and prayer as a response to this violent outburst. However, the colonial government saw the event as a trigger point and a reason for his arrest. The British colonial authorities placed Gandhi on trial for sedition and sentenced him to six years in prison, marking the first time that he faced prosecution in India.

Because of Gandhi's fame, the judge, C. Broomfield, hesitated to impose a harsher punishment. He considered Gandhi clearly guilty as charged, given the fact that Gandhi admitted his guilt of supporting non-violent, open civil disobedience and even went as far as requesting the heaviest possible sentence.

Saeed aghakhani biography of mahatma gandhi: The Institute's programmes encourage a

Such willingness to accept imprisonment conformed to his philosophy of satyagraha, so Gandhi felt that his time in prison only furthered his commitment and goals. The authorities allowed him to use a spinning wheel and receive reading materials while in prison, so he felt content. He also wrote most of his autobiography while serving his sentence.

However, in Gandhi's absence, Indians returned to the jobs they had previously spurned and their every day routines. Even worse, the unity between Muslims and Hindus, which Gandhi advocated so passionately, had already begun to fall apart to the point where the threat of violence loomed large over many communities with mixed population. The campaign for Indian independence could not continue while Indians themselves suffered disunity and conflict, all the more difficult to overcome in a huge country like India, which had always suffered religious divisions, as well as divisions by language, and even caste.

Gandhi realized that the British government of the time, had lost the will and power to maintain their empire, but he always acknowledged that Indians could not rely simply on the weakening of Britain in order to achieve independence. He believed that Indians had to become morally ready for independence. He planned to contribute to such readiness through his speeches and writing, advocating humility, restraint, good sanitation, as well as an end to child marriages.

After his imprisonment ended, he resumed his personal quest for purification and truth. He ends his autobiography by admitting that he continues to experience and fight with "the dormant passion" that lie within his own soul. He felt ready to continue the long and difficult path of taming those passions and putting himself last among his fellow human beings, the only way to achieve salvation, according to him.

To conquer the subtle passions is far harder than the physical conquest of the world by the force of arms,". Gandhi writes in his "Farewell" to the readers, a suitable conclusion for an autobiography that he never intended to be an autobiography, but a tale of experiments with life, and with truth. The autobiography is noted for its lucid, simple and idiomatic language and its transparently honest narration.

In his essay " Reflections on Gandhi "George Orwell argued that the autobiography made clear Gandhi's "natural physical courage", which he saw as later confirmed by the circumstances of his assassination ; his lack of feelings of envy, inferiority, or suspiciousness, the last of which Orwell thought was common to Indian people; and his lack of racial prejudice.

In a interview, Gujarati writer Harivallabh Bhayani mentioned this work as the most important work, together with Govardhanram Tripathi 's Saraswatichandrato have emerged in Gujarat in the last 50 years. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikiquote Wikidata item.

Autobiography of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Background [ edit ]. Publication history [ edit ]. Contents [ edit ]. Summary [ edit ]. Translator's saeed aghakhani biography of mahatma gandhi [ edit ].

Introduction [ edit ]. Part I [ edit ]. Part II [ edit ]. Part III [ edit ]. Part IV [ edit ]. Part V [ edit ]. Reception [ edit ]. Influences [ edit ]. Editions in print [ edit ]. Notes [ edit ]. Citations [ edit ]. Gandhi's experiments with truth : essential writings by and about Mahatma Gandhi. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. ISBN USA Today.

In George, K. Masterpieces of Indian Literature. New Delhi: National Book Trust. In Lal, Mohan ed. Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot. He also became associated with khadi homespun clothrefusing to wear any British-made clothes. He even took to spinning khadi himself. Additionally, he asked his fellow Indians not to stay away from British institutions, businesses and courts.

All his nonviolent protests aimed to hurt Britain politically and economically. For this, he was arrested in March He was charged with sedition and slapped with a six-year prison sentence.

Saeed aghakhani biography of mahatma gandhi: India, the others being Mahatma

His release came after about two years on health grounds. He briefly suffered from appendicitis. For close to half a century, Britain had imposed draconian tax laws on British India in terms of the production and distribution of salt. Those oppressive tax laws came under immense opposition from Indians in In April that year, Mahatma Gandhi organized a protest march that saw him march a distance of about kilometers miles from Ahmedabad to Dandi.

He was able to rally several thousands of people to his cause in the struggle against the salt tax. The march, which took place between March 12 and April 6, later became known as the Dandi Salt March. And even though he and the protesters were beaten, none of them raised a hand to fend of the attacks by the police. They remained defiant, writhing in complete pain and agony.

Some of them had their skulls fractured, others were beaten unconscious. At the end of the day, a couple of protestors succumbed to their injuries and died. His struggles for political and economic independence for India brought him into confrontation with political leaders in London such as Sir Winston Churchill and Lord Birkenhead. Lord Irwin and Churchill in particular were against India gaining independence.

He encouraged women to join in the protests. By so doing, Gandhi was able to give women some say in the political arena. It also boosted the confidence and dignity of women. During the Salt Tax March, Gandhi marched hand in hand with several women. Many of those women suffered similar fates as the ones suffered by their male counterparts, receiving physical abuse from the authorities.

In his Quit India speech in Mumbai inGandhi called on all Indians to united towards a common purpose — the independence of India. Following that speech, he was arrested, along with all the the members of the Congress Working Committee. An additionalor so Indians were put behind bars without any trial. Angered by those arrests, numerous violent protests erupted across the country.

Many lives were lost as well. Gandhi did come out to reject those protests, stating that they went against everything that he stood for. All political prisoners were released. Owing to a disagreement with the leader of the All-India Muslim League Muhammad Ali Jinnahseveral Muslims and Hindus died in the months prior to partition and independence.

There were many protests across India. In Muslim dominated areas, Hindus were attacked, beaten and killed by Muslims. Likewise in Hindu-dominated areas, Muslims were assaulted and killed. Gandhi worked very hard to bring the tensions down. The Indian Independence Bill, which came into effect on the stroke of midnight on August 15,gave Indians their independence, ending about two centuries of British rule.

British India was hastily partitioned into two — Hindu-dominated India and Muslim-dominated Pakistan. The partition, which was done on the basis of religion, caused a lot of displacement and religious violence, especially in Punjab and Bengal. Mahatma Gandhi appealed to his countrymen to end the senseless bloodshed and religious violence, which ultimately claimed at leastlives.

Saeed aghakhani biography of mahatma gandhi: Remembering Nyerere in Tanzania.

Later that year, Britain granted India its independence but split the country into two dominions: India and Pakistan. Gandhi strongly opposed Partition, but he agreed to it in hopes that after independence Hindus and Muslims could achieve peace internally. Amid the massive riots that followed Partition, Gandhi urged Hindus and Muslims to live peacefully together, and undertook a hunger strike until riots in Calcutta ceased.

In JanuaryGandhi carried out yet another fast, this time to bring about peace in the city of Delhi. You can opt out at any time. You must be 16 years or older and a resident of the United States. Your Profile. Email Updates. Mohandas Gandhi.